Turtle Island
There is a very special group of islands off the coast of Borneo which are home to two species of turtles; the green and hawksbill turtles. These two species nest year round on these islands (approximately 6 months of nesting each) and the islands are particularly famous for having turtle hatchlings rise up through the sand 365 days a year. That is a lot of adorable but awkward first steps in anyone’s book! Turtle numbers have being reducing in the area due mostly to anthropogenic causes – in particular, the harvesting of turtle eggs by local fishermen for sale in markets as a delicacy. A research station has been established on two of the islands in the group to help preserve these two species of turtles in the region. We booked directly with the research centre months in advance in order to secure passage and accommodation on the island. Visitors are restricted mostly by accommodation availability with visitor numbers of approximately 14,000 each year.
You arrive early in the morning and settle into comfortable chalet’s before lunch in the cafeteria. The climate is much less humid on the island than the mainland and is the perfect antidote to the oppressive heat and humidity of Sandakan. There is a sandy beach from which swimming and snorkelling are indulged in by the visitors. It is a relaxing environment precisely because there is nothing much to do during the day time. I walked around the island in about an hour and came across the tracks of what I later learned were monitor lizards. Monitors are natural predators to turtle eggs. I managed to snap a few shots of one of these giant lizards before it scuttled in the adjacent low lying forest. At 6:30 guests are encouraged to visit the island’s turtle museum which traces the history of turtle conservation in the area and the lifecycle of the island’s two species. A movie is show at 7 pm which makes much of the content of the museum more accessible for those not on a guided tour (like us!). With the completion of the movie, dinner is served and then the waiting begins. Turtles lay their eggs at night. Turtle arrivals can begin anywhere from dusk onwards and finish just before dawn. But Turtles do no always lay eggs immediately upon arrival – if, indeed, they lay eggs at all! The female turtle will pull herself along the beach up towards the beginning of the vegetated areas of the island. She will then only lay eggs once she is comfortable with the location. This means, if she is not comfortable she will search for another location or simply pull herself back into the water and come back on another night. Once eggs are laid, the rangers take measurements of the turtles, make sure they are tagged, and then recover the eggs to rebury them in a hatchery where they are free from predators and accidental exposure. This is done to maximise the surviving offspring from each clutch. The night we spent on Turtle Island, the female turtles were not very comfortable with any spot on the beach. And so we waited . . . and waited . . . and waited . . . and waited. The research centre decided to release some of the new hatchlings for us (as was part of the normal program) so we at least were able to experience some of the process. The hatchlings were taken to the shoreline in a basket and, after the visitors to the island had taken a few snap shots (without the aid of a flash), the turtles were released. The ranger present signalled the direction of the water by standing in the shallows and shinning his torch towards the water. The hatchlings use moon and starlight to identify the direction to the water. Under normal conditions, if they turn inland all they will see is the dark shapes of sand and trees where if they turn towards the sea, the starlight on the horizon will direct them safely towards the water. However, with many visitors holding cameras emitting small lights through view screens etc., and the occasional torch being turned on, some of the turtles were confused on where to go and began making their way back up the beach towards the visitors. This is not to say the presence of the visitors is hugely disruptive to the natural process, but is demonstrative of the fragility of the natural process and why, given the low numbers of turtles in the area, human intervention is required to ensure the survival of these beautiful creatures. Eventually we were able to witness a female laying eggs and a ranger collecting valuable data and reburying the eggs in the safety of the hatchery. That such drastic measures are needed to preserve an animal which pre-existed the dinosaurs is a sober reminder of effect on the world around us.
Hey, hey we’re the Monkeys!
Sabah (a state of Borneo Malaysia) is truly an amazing place to visit if you are interested in getting up close to wild animals. Having already been blown away by experiences with the orang-utans and turtles, my expectations for the proboscis monkey sanctuary and Labuk Bay were lessened believing that as there was little hype surrounding this particular sanctuary, it must surely be a lessor experience. The Proboscis Monkey Sanctuary was established by a wealthy property owner who reserved a large track of land for the monkeys after encountering them in the wild. Like the Oran-utans, the habit of the proboscis monkey is been cleared and developed into palm plantation for harvesting palm oil. This sanctuary – not an official national park – offers approximately 300 monkeys 600 hectares of mangrove forest in which to live freely. There are two scheduled feeding times at which visitors to the sanctuary can get a close up view of these strange monkeys. I knew all this before entering the park however I could not have hoped to get as close to the monkeys as eventuated.
On arrival at the feeding zone, I walked several hundred meters along a wooden walkway suspended a short height above the puddled floor of the mangrove forest. The pod of monkeys awaited our arrival nested on the hand rails of the observation platform, every eye turned toward us. A silence hung in the air which seemed to mute the ambient noises of the forest. I didn’t know whether or not to move but the photographer in me took hold and I slowly moved my camera into position and began snapping shots. The minivan driver who had shuttled us out to the sanctuary (and who spoke little English) strode out onto the platform saying, “friendly. See?”. And so I followed him out – somewhat less brazenly – onto the platform never putting the camera down for long lest I miss something. To say we were close to the monkeys was an understatement; I could have reached out and touched them had I not been fearful of a monkey bite! Throughout the course of the feeding session I witnessed monkeys feeding, mothers caring for their children, males posturing, snarling and even yawning. I saw juvenile males play wrestling – one so brazen he performed a victory dance after defeating his opponent only for another to leap on him and drag him to the ground. Most poignantly, the alpha male charge around the observation deck (in and around the observers!) and chased potential rivals away from the females. In the proboscis monkey world, the alpha male is the only one who mates with the females. Occasionally a cheeky monkey may service a female while the alpha male is not looking but otherwise the life of a male proboscis monkey is filled with unrealised sexual desire hanging out with large groups of bachelors . . . kind of reminds me of my junior footy days!
Palm Oil
You may have heard of palm oil. You may have even seen campaigns by Greenpeace and/or the World Wildlife Fund on TV. But coming to Malaysia it is impossible to avoid noticing the enormous investment in palm plantations all over Malaysia but most worryingly, for the unique wildlife of Sabah, the investment in Borneo seems to be absolute. Driving into and out of Sandakan, and to each of the sanctuaries I visited, it appeared the landscape was simply alternating palm plantations and palm oil refineries. Palm oil nets refinery owners approximately 700 RM per ton (of unrefined palm fronds). It is clear from speaking to locals and seeing the pride Malaysians take in the success of their wildlife protection measures that Malaysians have a deep concern for the survival of these species but you cannot help but feel that ultimately they are losing the battle to provide enough untouched habitat for these species to persist without the continued involvement of human beings.
Stowaways: Part 4
With my adventures in Sandkan complete, I had to fly back to Kota Kinabalu to catch a second plane to Penang. This gave me a 5 hour window to continue tracking the turtles. I made enquiries and discovered that Paul Nair liked to spend his down time in a bar called Hunter. Hunter was easy enough to find – it was down near the harbour and had a large yellow neon sign that still had all the letters of Hunter intact. The bar was L-shaped, wooden and covered in water marks from patrons who placed their condensation-covered glasses directly onto the wood instead of the paper coasters provided. I sat at the bar and order a glass of Tiger. A local overheard me and laughed. I asked him what was so funny and he smiled at me and explained, in this part of the world if you ask for a tiger, you might get one! I chuckled to humour the man then turned to my freshly poured beer and took a sip. I turned back to the man to appraise him properly. He wore a white collared shirt – a light cotton weave which was perfect for the climate – tan trousers and a pair of black boots which looked well worn but were clean and polished. I told him I was looking for a man named Paul Nair and asked if he knew him. He told me that Nair could often be found at Hunter but was presently working out of town but if it was a guide I was after maybe he could assist. I looked into the man’s eyes. I had seen something in them. The man noticeably stiffened for a moment then relaxed again. It was a moment so brief an untrained eye would not have noticed. But I had sailed with cut throats and thieves and I knew a liar when I saw one. I turned back to my beer and drank it to the bottom of the glass. The man looked at me and his eyes asked why even though his voice failed. I told him I never like to let fighting interrupt me while I am drinking a cold beer. Now that I was out of beer . . . I left possibility of conflict hanging in the air until I noticed the muscles in his neck tense and then I jumped to me feet, knocking over my stool. I stared at the man, locking eyes giving him no room from his seated position. You’re Paul Nair, I told him. He nodded. He said he didn’t want any trouble. If it was a guide or . . . information I needed, he was a man who provided such services. Good, I said. I told him about the turtles and asked if he had seen them. Nair became very forthcoming and told me how they had come to him asking about treasure and when he told them there was no treasure in Sabah the described a location to him in great deal and asked him if he could take them there. Nair admitted at first he thought them fools but there description was precise and familiar. In fact, he said, the location was not very far away at all. He said he could even take me there now. I told him I had a plane to catch but he said we could be there in an hour as most of the territory could be covered by motor vehicle. I had just enough time to make it there and back. MY curiosity was peaked. The turtles were after treasure as I had suspected. But what treasure were they looking for in the jungles of Borneo? I walked Nair to his Jeep and we drove out of town on the main road before making a turn onto a bumpy access road which lead north into the jungle. However after 45 mins or so I could tell we were heading back towards the coast and I began to get suspicious. Nair pulled the Jeep over and told me the rest we must walk. I was on high alert. The location felt wrong. No treasure could remain hidden so close to civilisation whilst still having enough clues survive to lead the turtles here . . . I made Nair lead, not trusting him at my back. The jungle was hot and I was sweating badly. That beer was trying to leave my body as urine but I dared not expose myself here. This was Nair’s territory and he could quickly lose me in the dense jungle which even now had me doubting the direction back to the Jeep. The hour Nair promised had turned into an hour and a half. I asked him if it was much further and he told me that it was only a few minutes away. I was beginning to suffer badly in the heat. Leaches were clinging to my neck and mosquitoes constantly buzzed around me, sampling my blood and causing welts to appear on my arms but I dared not remove them. Without announcement we arrived at a clearing and Nair turned to me and said, we are here. My eyes scanned the clearing looking for signs of a lost culture or temple or anything . . . but there was nothing. The clearing was large. In fact, it was too large to be natural in a jungle this dense. I picked up a rock and began digging. After only a few strokes I hit something hard. I quickly cleared away the sandy soil to discover a large flat stone. The whole area was stone just beneath the surface. This was man made. I turned to Nair and asked him what the turtles did once he had delivered them here. He told me the scratched around as I had done then asked him and apparently decided whatever they were looking for was long gone and asked to be taken back to Kota Kinabalu. I was shocked. What could any of this mean? I was completely dumb founded and with little interest in the answer I absent mindedly asked Nair what was this place. He said, you are standing on the last remains of the original British settlement of Jesselton which was destroyed in World War II by Japanese invaders. If he was not mistaken, this sight was probably the town square where markets sold produce during the day and fresh seafood cooked by the fisherman to a local recipe in the evening. All I could do was stare at Nair in disbelief.